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Artigos > Vídeos > A Escrita Está na Parede
A Escrita Está na Parede
Publicado por Jairo em 10/11/2009 (500 leituras)
Dave Hunt fala sobre o avanço agressivo do ateísmo nos dias de hoje.



A improbabilidade estatística do acaso e o ateísmo
Frank V. Carvalho

Obviamente os ateus não acreditam que um Ser Superior esteja por detrás dos desígnios do Universo e da existência humana. Argumentando em favor de sua racionalidade procuram demonstrar que tudo pode ter surgido ao acaso – e assim, não há necessidade de Deus. O problema é que a própria razão exige argumentos plausíveis e dignos de crédito. Como então explicar que o acaso cego pode realizar as façanhas descritas abaixo. Acredito que para eles, explicar a origem da vida é um tremendo desafio...

Bem, este é um assunto para aqueles que gostam de dados consistentes e confiáveis. Matemáticos e estatísticos têm estudado a sério as probabilidades do surgimento da vida ao acaso e têm encontrado resultados desanimadores para os que acreditam no ‘evolucionismo cego’ (acaso). Vamos aos números:

Aminoácidos

As moléculas (aminoácidos) possuem uma característica interessante. Algumas são “destras”, outras são “canhotas”. Formadas ao acaso, como se dá na teoria do caldo orgânico, é muito provável que a metade fosse “destra” e a outra metade “canhota”. Todavia, dentre os 20 aminoácidos[1] necessários nas proteínas da vida, todos são “canhotos”. Sobre isso, J. D. Bernal, evolucionista, reconhece: “É preciso admitir que tal explanação ainda continua sendo uma das partes mais difíceis de explicar quanto aos aspectos estruturais da vida. Talvez jamais consigamos explicá-lo.”[2]

Proteínas

Considerando que os 20 aminoácidos necessários à vida se tivessem originado ao acaso, seria ainda necessário que eles se reunissem novamente ao acaso, de forma ordenada para formar uma única molécula de proteína. As moléculas necessárias à vida possuem proteínas muito complexas, o que tornam as probabilidades um tanto remotas.

Vejamos: É possível acertar ao acaso 20 números em 100 (20 aminoácidos em 100 aminoácidos). Sim, é possível – uma chance em 150.000 (cento e cinqüenta mil). Como ganhar na Loteria Federal. Mas atenção, cada número (aminoácido) deve ocupar um lugar predeterminado e ordenado (na seqüência correta) no mesmo instante em que se acertam os 20 números em 100. Isto eleva o cálculo probabilístico para uma chance em 10 elevado a 113 (1 seguido de 113 zeros). Isto para formar uma única molécula simples de proteína. Para os matemáticos, qualquer acontecimento que tenha uma probabilidade igual ou maior que 10 elevado a 50 é rejeitado e considerado como jamais ocorrendo[3].

E vale lembrar que uma proteína não é um ser vivo.

Código Genético

O código genético é uma condição sine qua non (sem a qual não se pode) para a reprodução celular. Como diz Hitching: “as proteínas dependem do DNA para se formarem. Mas o DNA não pode formar-se sem a proteína preexistente.”[4]

Histonas

No DNA estão envolvidas cinco histonas (as histonas estão envolvidas em determinar as atividades dos genes). Elas são de uma complexidade extraordinária, em função de sua disposição e organização para se formar um ser vivo com suas múltiplas funções. “A probabilidade de se formar a mais simples destas histonas (apenas uma) ao acaso é de uma em 20 elevado a 100.”[5] “Este número expressa mais do que o total de átomos em todas as estrelas e galáxias visíveis através dos maiores telescópios astronômicos.”[6]

Moléculas de DNA

Em 1969, o Dr. Frank Salisbury, da Universidade Estadual de Utah, EUA, calculou a probabilidade de se formar espontaneamente uma molécula de DNA básica essencial para o surgimento da vida. Seus cálculos revelaram que a probabilidade é ínfima, considerada até impossível do ponto de vista matemático. Quais seriam as chances de se formar uma única molécula de DNA? Segundo seus cálculos, uma em 10 elevado a 415 (1 seguido de 415 zeros)![7]

Conclusão

Você percebeu que eu não apresentei os cálculos estatísticos para o surgimento ao acaso dos aminoácidos. Na seqüência vieram as proteínas, depois as histonas e as moléculas de DNA, cada uma com seus cálculos estatísticos que as tornam improváveis ao acaso. O que parece é que o acaso acaba sendo uma palavra com um sentido diferente no vocabulário do ateísmo. Para tudo o que não se consegue dar uma explicação satisfatória surge o acaso, atuando ao longo de milhões ou bilhões de anos e dando conta da tarefa. Realmente impressionante!


Difícil não acreditar que eles têm muita fé no acaso!


[1] Existem mais de 100 aminoácidos, mas somente 20 são necessários para as proteínas presentes nos seres vivos.
[2] BERNAL, John D. The Origin of the life (a Origem da vida). USA, 1967, p. 144.
[3] W.T.B.P.S., A Vida, qual a sua origem? , Brooklin, NY, USA. 1985, p. 44.
[4] HITCHING, Francis. The Neck of the Giraffe, USA, p.66
[5] W.T.B.P.S., op. Cit., p. 45.
[6] Hoyle, Fred & Wickkramasinghe, Evolution from Space, 1981, USA, p. 27
[7] Como base para seus cálculos, ele supôs com base no pensamento atual da evolução, que outros planetas do Universo também reuniram condições que a molécula de DNA tenha tido a oportunidade de evoluir por meio de reações químicas naturais. Isso daria um total de 100 quintilhões (10 elevado a 20) de planetas que oferecessem condições de sustentar a vida, durante um período de 4 bilhões de anos. Ainda assim, a chance seria de uma em 10 elevado a 415.

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